In-Text, Parenthetical or Author-Date Citations
https://www.stfx.ca/department/political-science/student-information/writing-term-paper/departmental-guidelines-1
Your professor may request you use embedded, in-text (parenthetical or author-date) citations, with a list of references at the end of the paper. A citation is necessary when you use a direct quotation, statistic, or paraphrase an idea from published work immediately following the borrowed item. The format is the author's last name, the year of publication and the relevant page number(s)...